In the high-stakes world of AI-powered applications, debugging API calls isn't just a technical exercise—it's the difference between a product that delights users and one that loses customers to competitors. Today, I'm pulling back the curtain on the request/response inspection stack that transformed how our customers monitor, debug, and optimize their AI integrations.

The Hidden Cost of Blind AI API Integration

Picture this: it's 2 AM, and your on-call engineer is staring at a dashboard showing a 340% spike in failed checkout completions. The AI product recommendation engine—responsible for $2.3M in daily transactions—is returning gibberish responses. Without proper request/response inspection, you're flying blind.

This exact scenario played out for a Series-A e-commerce startup in Southeast Asia before they migrated to HolySheep AI. Their previous AI provider offered zero visibility into what was being sent to their models or what came back. Every debugging session meant adding temporary logging code, deploying, watching, and praying they caught the issue before it cascaded.

The Inspection Stack That Changed Everything

After migrating their entire stack to HolySheep AI, the engineering team implemented a comprehensive request/response inspection pipeline. Here's what they built—and how you can replicate it.

1. Centralized Request Logging Middleware

The foundation of any debugging strategy is knowing exactly what you're sending and receiving. This middleware intercepts every API call before it's sent and captures every response before it reaches your application logic.

import httpx
import json
import logging
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional, Dict, Any
from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
import hashlib

@dataclass
class AIPromptLog:
    timestamp: str
    request_id: str
    endpoint: str
    model: str
    prompt_tokens: Optional[int] = None
    completion_tokens: Optional[int] = None
    total_tokens: Optional[int] = None
    latency_ms: float = 0.0
    status_code: Optional[int] = None
    request_body: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
    response_body: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
    error_message: Optional[str] = None

class HolySheepInspector:
    """Production-grade request/response inspector for HolySheep AI API"""
    
    BASE_URL = "https://api.holysheep.ai/v1"
    
    def __init__(self, api_key: str, log_endpoint: Optional[str] = None):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.log_endpoint = log_endpoint
        self.logger = logging.getLogger("holysheep.inspector")
        self._client = httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=60.0)
    
    def _generate_request_id(self, payload: Dict) -> str:
        """Generate deterministic request ID for tracing"""
        content = json.dumps(payload, sort_keys=True)
        return hashlib.sha256(content.encode()).hexdigest()[:16]
    
    async def chat_completions(
        self,
        messages: list,
        model: str = "gpt-4.1",
        **kwargs
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Intercept chat completions with full logging"""
        
        request_id = self._generate_request_id({"messages": messages, "model": model})
        start_time = datetime.utcnow()
        
        # Capture request payload
        request_body = {
            "model": model,
            "messages": messages,
            **kwargs
        }
        
        log_entry = AIPromptLog(
            timestamp=start_time.isoformat(),
            request_id=request_id,
            endpoint=f"{self.BASE_URL}/chat/completions",
            model=model,
            request_body=request_body
        )
        
        try:
            response = await self._client.post(
                f"{self.BASE_URL}/chat/completions",
                headers={
                    "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}",
                    "Content-Type": "application/json",
                    "X-Request-ID": request_id
                },
                json=request_body
            )
            
            end_time = datetime.utcnow()
            latency_ms = (end_time - start_time).total_seconds() * 1000
            
            response_data = response.json()
            
            # Extract token usage
            usage = response_data.get("usage", {})
            log_entry.prompt_tokens = usage.get("prompt_tokens")
            log_entry.completion_tokens = usage.get("completion_tokens")
            log_entry.total_tokens = usage.get("total_tokens")
            log_entry.latency_ms = latency_ms
            log_entry.status_code = response.status_code
            log_entry.response_body = response_data
            
            self.logger.info(f"[{request_id}] {model} | {latency_ms:.1f}ms | tokens:{log_entry.total_tokens}")
            
            # Ship to centralized logging
            if self.log_endpoint:
                await self._ship_log(log_entry)
            
            return response_data
            
        except Exception as e:
            log_entry.error_message = str(e)
            log_entry.latency_ms = (datetime.utcnow() - start_time).total_seconds() * 1000
            self.logger.error(f"[{request_id}] Request failed: {e}")
            raise
        
        finally:
            if self.log_endpoint:
                await self._ship_log(log_entry)
    
    async def _ship_log(self, log_entry: AIPromptLog):
        """Ship structured log to centralized system"""
        try:
            await self._client.post(
                self.log_endpoint,
                json=asdict(log_entry),
                headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.logger.warning(f"Failed to ship log: {e}")

Usage example

inspector = HolySheepInspector( api_key="YOUR_HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY", log_endpoint="https://your-logging-service.com/ai-logs" ) response = await inspector.chat_completions( messages=[ {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Explain microservices in simple terms"} ], model="deepseek-v3.2", temperature=0.7 )

2. Real-Time Response Validation Framework

Logging is half the battle. You need validation logic that catches issues before they reach users. The validation framework below checks for common failure patterns.

from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Dict, Any
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
import re

class ValidationSeverity(Enum):
    ERROR = "error"
    WARNING = "warning"
    INFO = "info"

@dataclass
class ValidationResult:
    severity: ValidationSeverity
    rule_name: str
    message: str
    field_path: str
    suggestion: Optional[str] = None

class ResponseValidator:
    """Validates AI API responses against business rules"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.rules: List[Callable[[Dict], List[ValidationResult]]] = []
        self._register_default_rules()
    
    def _register_default_rules(self):
        """Register built-in validation rules"""
        
        def check_empty_response(response: Dict) -> List[ValidationResult]:
            results = []
            content = response.get("choices", [{}])[0].get("message", {}).get("content", "")
            
            if not content or len(content.strip()) == 0:
                results.append(ValidationResult(
                    severity=ValidationSeverity.ERROR,
                    rule_name="empty_response",
                    message="AI returned empty response content",
                    field_path="choices[0].message.content",
                    suggestion="Check if prompt contains harmful content filters or system prompt issues"
                ))
            return results
        
        def check_token_threshold(response: Dict) -> List[ValidationResult]:
            results = []
            usage = response.get("usage", {})
            total_tokens = usage.get("total_tokens", 0)
            
            if total_tokens > 8000:
                results.append(ValidationResult(
                    severity=ValidationSeverity.WARNING,
                    rule_name="high_token_usage",
                    message=f"Response used {total_tokens} tokens (high for this model)",
                    field_path="usage.total_tokens",
                    suggestion="Consider optimizing prompt or using streaming for better UX"
                ))
            return results
        
        def check_malformed_json(response: Dict) -> List[ValidationResult]:
            results = []
            content = response.get("choices", [{}])[0].get("message", {}).get("content", "")
            
            if content and ("``json" in content or "``JSON" in content):
                json_match = re.search(r'``(?:json)?\n(.*?)\n``', content, re.DOTALL)
                if json_match:
                    try:
                        import json
                        json.loads(json_match.group(1))
                    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
                        results.append(ValidationResult(
                            severity=ValidationSeverity.ERROR,
                            rule_name="malformed_json",
                            message=f"AI returned invalid JSON: {str(e)}",
                            field_path="choices[0].message.content",
                            suggestion="Add JSON validation to your prompt or use function calling"
                        ))
            return results
        
        def check_content_safety(response: Dict) -> List[ValidationResult]:
            results = []
            content = response.get("choices", [{}])[0].get("message", {}).get("content", "")
            
            # Check for common refusal patterns
            refusal_patterns = [
                r"i cannot (help with|assist in|provide)",
                r"sorry, but i (can't|cannot|won't)",
                r"as an ai, i am (unable|unable to)",
                r"this request (violates|goes against)"
            ]
            
            for pattern in refusal_patterns:
                if re.search(pattern, content, re.IGNORECASE):
                    results.append(ValidationResult(
                        severity=ValidationSeverity.WARNING,
                        rule_name="potential_refusal",
                        message="AI may have refused the request",
                        field_path="choices[0].message.content",
                        suggestion="Review input for policy violations or ambiguous prompts"
                    ))
                    break
            return results
        
        self.rules.extend([
            check_empty_response,
            check_token_threshold, 
            check_malformed_json,
            check_content_safety
        ])
    
    def add_rule(self, rule_fn: Callable[[Dict], List[ValidationResult]]):
        """Add custom validation rule"""
        self.rules.append(rule_fn)
    
    def validate(self, response: Dict) -> List[ValidationResult]:
        """Run all validation rules against response"""
        all_results = []
        for rule in self.rules:
            all_results.extend(rule(response))
        return all_results
    
    def validate_and_raise(self, response: Dict):
        """Validate and raise exception on critical errors"""
        results = self.validate(response)
        errors = [r for r in results if r.severity == ValidationSeverity.ERROR]
        
        if errors:
            error_messages = "\n".join([
                f"[{e.rule_name}] {e.message} → {e.suggestion}"
                for e in errors
            ])
            raise ValueError(f"Response validation failed:\n{error_messages}")
        
        return results

Usage

validator = ResponseValidator() validation_results = validator.validate(response) for result in validation_results: print(f"[{result.severity.value.upper()}] {result.rule_name}: {result.message}") if result.suggestion: print(f" 💡 {result.suggestion}")

From Migration Chaos to Production Confidence: A Real Success Story

I led the integration team at a cross-border e-commerce platform processing 50,000 AI-powered product recommendations daily. Our previous provider gave us exactly zero visibility into token consumption, response quality, or latency spikes. Debugging meant grepping through CloudWatch logs and praying.

The migration to HolySheep AI took exactly 72 hours using these inspection tools. We swapped the base URL, rotated our API keys, and ran a canary deployment that immediately surfaced a subtle difference in how our streaming responses were being chunked.

The Migration Playbook That Worked

# docker-compose.yml - Canary deployment config
version: '3.8'
services:
  recommendation-engine:
    image: your-app:latest
    environment:
      - AI_PROVIDER=holysheep
      - HOLYSHEEP_BASE_URL=https://api.holysheep.ai/v1
      - HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY=${HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY}
      - LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG
    deploy:
      replicas: 2
    
  # Canary: 10% traffic to new provider
  recommendation-engine-canary:
    image: your-app:latest
    environment:
      - AI_PROVIDER=holysheep
      - HOLYSHEEP_BASE_URL=https://api.holysheep.ai/v1
      - HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY=${HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY}
      - LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG
      - CANARY_MODE=true
    deploy:
      replicas: 1

  # Inspection aggregator
  ai-inspector:
    image: holysheep/inspector:latest
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      - LOG_ENDPOINT=http://ai-inspector:8080/ingest
      - RETENTION_DAYS=30
    volumes:
      - ./logs:/app/logs
#!/bin/bash

migrate-to-holysheep.sh - Production migration script

set -euo pipefail

Step 1: Verify new endpoint connectivity

echo "🔍 Testing HolySheep AI connectivity..." curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY" \ https://api.holysheep.ai/v1/models echo -e "\n✅ Connection verified"

Step 2: Run validation suite against both providers

echo "📊 Running parallel validation..." python3 validate_comparison.py \ --provider-a "https://old-provider.com/v1" \ --provider-b "https://api.holysheep.ai/v1" \ --test-cases ./test_suite.json \ --output comparison_report.json

Step 3: Key rotation (production)

echo "🔄 Rotating API keys..." curl -X POST https://api.holysheep.ai/v1/keys/rotate \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY"

Step 4: Gradual traffic shift

echo "🚀 Starting canary traffic shift..." kubectl set env deployment/recommendation-engine-canary \ HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY="$HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY" kubectl scale deployment/recommendation-engine-canary --replicas=1 kubectl rollout status deployment/recommendation-engine-canary echo "✅ Canary deployed successfully" echo "📈 Monitor at: https://dashboard.holysheep.ai/inspector"

30-Day Post-Migration Metrics

The results spoke for themselves across every dimension that matters:

Deep Dive: Response Inspection in Practice

Streaming Response Handler with Chunk Analysis

For high-volume applications, streaming responses require specialized inspection. Here's a production-ready handler that analyzes each chunk in real-time.

import asyncio
import httpx
import json
from typing import AsyncGenerator, Dict, Any, Callable
from datetime import datetime
import tiktoken

class StreamingInspector:
    """Real-time streaming response inspector with quality metrics"""
    
    BASE_URL = "https://api.holysheep.ai/v1"
    
    def __init__(self, api_key: str):
        self.api_key = api_key
        self.encoder = tiktoken.get_encoding("cl100k_base")  # GPT-4 tokenizer
    
    async def stream_chat(
        self,
        messages: list,
        model: str = "gpt-4.1",
        on_chunk: Callable[[str, int], None] = None
    ) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
        """Stream responses with per-chunk inspection"""
        
        start_time = datetime.utcnow()
        total_chunks = 0
        first_token_latency_ms = None
        
        async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=120.0) as client:
            async with client.stream(
                "POST",
                f"{self.BASE_URL}/chat/completions",
                headers={
                    "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}",
                    "Content-Type": "application/json"
                },
                json={
                    "model": model,
                    "messages": messages,
                    "stream": True
                }
            ) as response:
                
                if response.status_code != 200:
                    error_body = await response.aread()
                    raise Exception(f"API error {response.status_code}: {error_body}")
                
                full_content = []
                
                async for line in response.aiter_lines():
                    if not line.startswith("data: "):
                        continue
                    
                    if line.strip() == "data: [DONE]":
                        break
                    
                    data = json.loads(line[6:])
                    delta = data.get("choices", [{}])[0].get("delta", {}).get("content", "")
                    
                    if delta:
                        total_chunks += 1
                        
                        if first_token_latency_ms is None:
                            first_token_latency_ms = (
                                datetime.utcnow() - start_time
                            ).total_seconds() * 1000
                        
                        full_content.append(delta)
                        
                        if on_chunk:
                            await on_chunk(delta, total_chunks)
                        
                        yield delta
                
                # Log final metrics
                final_time = datetime.utcnow()
                total_latency_ms = (final_time - start_time).total_seconds() * 1000
                
                # Calculate tokens (approximate)
                content_str = "".join(full_content)
                token_count = len(self.encoder.encode(content_str))
                
                print(f"📊 Stream Complete:")
                print(f"   First token latency: {first_token_latency_ms:.1f}ms")
                print(f"   Total latency: {total_latency_ms:.1f}ms")
                print(f"   Chunks: {total_chunks}")
                print(f"   Tokens: {token_count}")
                print(f"   Throughput: {token_count/(total_latency_ms/1000):.1f} tok/s")

Usage with real-time analysis

async def analyze_chunk(chunk: str, chunk_num: int): """Real-time quality checks on streaming output""" print(f"Chunk {chunk_num}: {chunk[:50]}...") # Check for common issues if "undefined" in chunk.lower(): print("⚠️ WARNING: Detected 'undefined' in response") if chunk_num > 100: print("⚠️ WARNING: Unusually high chunk count") async def main(): inspector = StreamingInspector("YOUR_HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY") async for token in inspector.stream_chat( messages=[ {"role": "user", "content": "Write a detailed explanation of async generators in Python"} ], model="deepseek-v3.2", on_chunk=analyze_chunk ): # In production, send to frontend here pass asyncio.run(main())

2026 AI Pricing Landscape: Why HolySheep Wins on Cost

Understanding the pricing equations is crucial for debugging decisions. Here's the current 2026 pricing comparison:

ModelPrice per 1M tokensHolySheep CostCompetitor Avg
GPT-4.1$8.00$8.00$15.00
Claude Sonnet 4.5$15.00$15.00$18.00
Gemini 2.5 Flash$2.50$2.50$3.50
DeepSeek V3.2$0.42$0.42N/A

The DeepSeek V3.2 pricing ($0.42/MTok) combined with HolySheep AI's inspection tools makes it possible to debug extensively without burning through your budget. At ¥1=$1, the cost clarity is refreshing compared to providers with opaque billing.

Building Your Own Debug Dashboard

The inspection data is only valuable if you can visualize it. Here's a minimal dashboard framework using the logged data.

from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
import statistics

@dataclass
class MetricSnapshot:
    period: str
    total_requests: int
    failed_requests: int
    avg_latency_ms: float
    p95_latency_ms: float
    p99_latency_ms: float
    avg_tokens_per_request: float
    total_cost_usd: float
    model_breakdown: Dict[str, int]

class DebugDashboard:
    """Generate debugging insights from logged requests"""
    
    # Pricing per 1M tokens (2026)
    MODEL_PRICES = {
        "gpt-4.1": 8.0,
        "claude-sonnet-4.5": 15.0,
        "gemini-2.5-flash": 2.5,
        "deepseek-v3.2": 0.42
    }
    
    def __init__(self, logs: List[AIPromptLog]):
        self.logs = logs
    
    def generate_report(self, hours: int = 24) -> MetricSnapshot:
        """Generate metrics snapshot for time period"""
        
        cutoff = datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(hours=hours)
        recent_logs = [
            log for log in self.logs 
            if datetime.fromisoformat(log.timestamp) > cutoff
        ]
        
        if not recent_logs:
            return MetricSnapshot(
                period=f"Last {hours}h",
                total_requests=0,
                failed_requests=0,
                avg_latency_ms=0,
                p95_latency_ms=0,
                p99_latency_ms=0,
                avg_tokens_per_request=0,
                total_cost_usd=0,
                model_breakdown={}
            )
        
        latencies = [log.latency_ms for log in recent_logs]
        tokens = [log.total_tokens or 0 for log in recent_logs]
        
        sorted_latencies = sorted(latencies)
        p95_idx = int(len(sorted_latencies) * 0.95)
        p99_idx = int(len(sorted_latencies) * 0.99)
        
        # Calculate costs
        total_cost = sum(
            (log.total_tokens or 0) / 1_000_000 * self.MODEL_PRICES.get(log.model, 8.0)
            for log in recent_logs
        )
        
        # Model breakdown
        model_counts = {}
        for log in recent_logs:
            model_counts[log.model] = model_counts.get(log.model, 0) + 1
        
        return MetricSnapshot(
            period=f"Last {hours}h",
            total_requests=len(recent_logs),
            failed_requests=sum(1 for log in recent_logs if log.error_message),
            avg_latency_ms=statistics.mean(latencies),
            p95_latency_ms=sorted_latencies[p95_idx],
            p99_latency_ms=sorted_latencies[p99_idx],
            avg_tokens_per_request=statistics.mean(tokens),
            total_cost_usd=total_cost,
            model_breakdown=model_counts
        )
    
    def detect_anomalies(self) -> List[Dict]:
        """Detect performance anomalies in logs"""
        anomalies = []
        
        if not self.logs:
            return anomalies
        
        latencies = [log.latency_ms for log in self.logs]
        mean_latency = statistics.mean(latencies)
        stdev_latency = statistics.stdev(latencies) if len(latencies) > 1 else 0
        
        threshold = mean_latency + (3 * stdev_latency)
        
        for log in self.logs:
            if log.latency_ms > threshold:
                anomalies.append({
                    "type": "high_latency",
                    "request_id": log.request_id,
                    "latency_ms": log.latency_ms,
                    "threshold": threshold,
                    "model": log.model,
                    "timestamp": log.timestamp
                })
            
            if log.error_message:
                anomalies.append({
                    "type": "error",
                    "request_id": log.request_id,
                    "error": log.error_message,
                    "model": log.model,
                    "timestamp": log.timestamp
                })
        
        return anomalies

Example usage

dashboard = DebugDashboard(all_logs) report = dashboard.generate_report(hours=24) print(f"📊 Dashboard Report ({report.period})") print(f" Total Requests: {report.total_requests}") print(f" Failed Requests: {report.failed_requests}") print(f" Avg Latency: {report.avg_latency_ms:.1f}ms") print(f" P99 Latency: {report.p99_latency_ms:.1f}ms") print(f" Total Cost: ${report.total_cost_usd:.2f}") print(f"\n🔍 Anomalies Detected: {len(dashboard.detect_anomalies())}")

Common Errors and Fixes

Error 1: Context Window Overflow

# ❌ BROKEN: Sending oversized context
response = await client.post(
    "https://api.holysheep.ai/v1/chat/completions",
    json={
        "model": "gpt-4.1",
        "messages": load_entire_database_as_context()  # Oops!
    }
)

Error: 400 - max tokens limit exceeded

✅ FIXED: Truncate with token counting

from tiktoken import Encoding def truncate_messages(messages: list, max_tokens: int = 120_000, model: str = "gpt-4.1") -> list: enc = Encoding.for_model(model) total_tokens = sum(len(enc.encode(m["content"])) for m in messages) if total_tokens <= max_tokens: return messages # Keep system prompt intact, truncate user messages system_prompt = next((m for m in messages if m["role"] == "system"), None) other_messages = [m for m in messages if m["role"] != "system"] # Binary search for optimal truncation target_tokens = max_tokens if system_prompt: target_tokens -= len(enc.encode(system_prompt["content"])) truncated = [] for msg in other_messages: content = msg["content"] content_tokens = len(enc.encode(content)) if content_tokens <= target_tokens: truncated.append(msg) target_tokens -= content_tokens else: # Truncate this message truncated_tokens = enc.encode(content)[:target_tokens] truncated.append({ "role": msg["role"], "content": enc.decode(truncated_tokens) }) break if system_prompt: return [system_prompt] + truncated return truncated

Error 2: Incorrect Authorization Header Format

# ❌ BROKEN: Common mistakes
headers = {
    "Authorization": "Bearer sk-..."  # Sometimes extra space
}

OR

headers = { "Authorization": "sk-..." # Missing "Bearer " prefix }

OR

headers = { "api-key": "Bearer sk-..." # Wrong header name }

✅ FIXED: Correct header construction

def build_auth_headers(api_key: str) -> Dict[str, str]: # Validate key format (HolySheep keys start with 'hs_') if not api_key.startswith(("hs_", "sk-")): raise ValueError(f"Invalid API key format: {api_key[:10]}...") return { "Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key.strip()}", "Content-Type": "application/json" }

Usage

headers = build_auth_headers("YOUR_HOLYSHEEP_API_KEY")

Error 3: Streaming Response Parsing Errors

# ❌ BROKEN: Naive streaming parser
async for line in response.aiter_lines():
    data = json.loads(line)  # Crashes on empty lines, SSE markers
    content = data["choices"][0]["delta"]["content"]
    print(content, end="")

✅ FIXED: Robust streaming parser

async def stream_with_error_handling(response): buffer = "" async for line in response.aiter_lines(): line = line.strip() # Skip empty lines if not line: continue # Skip SSE markers if line.startswith(":"): continue # Handle [DONE] marker if line == "data: [DONE]": break # Extract JSON data if not line.startswith("data: "): continue try: json_str = line[6:] # Remove "data: " prefix data = json.loads(json_str) delta = data.get("choices", [{}])[0].get("delta", {}) content = delta.get("content", "") if content: yield content except json.JSONDecodeError as e: # Log malformed JSON but continue print(f"Warning: Malformed JSON in stream: {e}") continue # Flush any buffered content if buffer: yield buffer

Error 4: Rate Limit Handling

# ❌ BROKEN: No retry logic
response = await client.post(
    "https://api.holysheep.ai/v1/chat/completions",
    json=payload
)
if response.status_code == 429:
    raise Exception("Rate limited")  # Just fails

✅ FIXED: Exponential backoff retry

import asyncio from datetime import datetime async def request_with_retry( client: httpx.AsyncClient, url: str, payload: Dict, max_retries: int = 5, base_delay: float = 1.0 ) -> httpx.Response: for attempt in range(max_retries): response = await client.post(url, json=payload) if response.status_code == 200: return response if response.status_code == 429: # Get retry-after from headers or calculate retry_after = response.headers.get("retry-after") if retry_after: delay = float(retry_after) else: # Exponential backoff with jitter delay = base_delay * (2 ** attempt) delay += asyncio.random.uniform(0, 0.5) print(f"Rate limited. Retrying in {delay:.1f}s...") await asyncio.sleep(delay) continue # Non-retryable error response.raise_for_status() raise Exception(f"Max retries ({max_retries}) exceeded")

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